摘要:

氢气作为一种高能量密度且清洁的能源载体，在缓解传统化石燃料短缺与环境污染等方面具有重要意义。在氢气的生产、储存和运输过程中，氢脆现象频发，进而导致氢气泄漏，引发安全事故。为保障氢气在各环节中的安全应用，亟需实现对氢气泄漏的及时、准确预警。开发高灵敏度、快速响应、高选择性和优异稳定性的氢气传感器，是确保用氢安全的关键。本文综述了常见氢气传感器的工作原理、性能特点及其技术发展现状，系统总结了各类传感器的优势与存在的问题，重点探讨了新型敏感材料与微纳制造技术在提升传感器性能方面的研究进展，同时对智能化、微型化氢气传感器的发展方向提出了思考，并对氢气传感器未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

Abstract:

Hydrogen, as a high-energy-density and clean energy carrier, is important for alleviating the shortage of traditional fossil fuels and environmental pollution. However, during the production, storage and transportation of hydrogen, it is prone to react with metals, inducing hydrogen embrittlement, which may lead to hydrogen leakage and safety accidents. Therefore, to ensure the safe application of hydrogen in various processes, there is an urgent need to achieve timely and accurate early warning of hydrogen leakage. The development of hydrogen sensors with high sensitivity, fast response, high selectivity, and excellent stability is key to ensuring the safety of hydrogen use. This paper summarizes the working principles, performance characteristics, and technical development of several common types of hydrogen sensors, systematically summarizes the advantages and problems of various sensors, and looks forward to the future development trends of hydrogen sensors. It focuses on the research progress of new sensitive materials and micro-nano manufacturing technologies in enhancing sensor performance, and puts forward insights into the development direction of intelligent and miniaturized hydrogen sensors.